Threats Opportunities Weakness Strength (TOWS) Analysis in Police Investigation: A Framework towards Best Practices

Abstract

The effectiveness of crime investigation depends greatly on the competencies of investigators, which are shaped by both internal and external factors. Guided by Competency Theory, which emphasizes the ability to perform tasks efficiently and effectively—especially in demanding roles like police work—this study explored several key questions. It examined the qualifications of investigators that contribute to effective crime-solving, their perspectives on external influences such as threats and opportunities, and their views on internal factors such as strengths and weaknesses. The study also looked into how investigators experience and manage issues related to these external and internal forces. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, insights were gathered from ten trained and experienced investigators from the Quezon City Police District. Through Thematic and TOWS analyses, twelve major themes emerged: administration and supervision; knowledge, skills, and attitude; human resources and communication; critical thinking; force multipliers; the criminal justice system; organized crime groups; political interference; modernized investigation methods; data-driven information systems; and cybercrime. Based on these findings, a strategic action plan was developed aiming to enhance investigator competency, strengthen surveillance and crime tracking, address organized crime, upgrade investigative technology, and uphold ethical investigative practices.

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