Vol. 3, Issue 2

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between the frequency of identified oral reading miscues limited to substitution, correction, hesitation, repetition, omission, and insertion and the levels of inferential reading comprehension among Grade 11 TVL Senior High School learners at Pasay City East High School. The respondents of the study are 212 learners under the Technical Vocational Livelihood track from varying strands namely, Industrial Arts ,specialized in Shielded Metal Arc Welding, Information and Communication Technology, and Home Economics, specialized in Bread and Pastry Production and Hairdressing selected through simple random sampling technique. Additionally, the study administered a standardized reading comprehension tool McCall- Crabbs Book F, authored by William A. McCall and Lelah C. Schroeder, used by Villajuan (2020) study and by Quezon City Science High School, was utilized to measure the inferential reading comprehension level of secondary learners. Furthermore, the story “Poison” by Raould Dahl (1953) adopted from Hoffner (1974), was utilized to determine the oral reading miscues of the respondents using Argyle's (1989) reading miscues inventory system adopted from Mahmud's (2018) study. The study utilized data analysis tools such as average for miscues and G-score and Pearson-R coefficient. The data revealed consistent fluctuations in students' inferential reading comprehension, resulting to an overall average of 6.02 (6th-grade level). Meanwhile, substitution and omission were determined the most rampant oral reading miscues among respondents. In conclusion, the study highlighted the urgent need of comprehensive reading programs and supportive learning environment to bridge the gap in inferential reading comprehension.

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This study explores the role of the community in promoting sustainable tourism at Barasoain Church, a significant cultural and historical landmark located in Malolos, Bulacan. Using a descriptive-correlational design, the research aimed to analyze the relationships between community awareness, satisfaction, engagement, and motivation without manipulating any variables. A total of 200 participants—including residents, business owners, local leaders, and tourists aged 18 to 40—were selected through purposive sampling to ensure active community involvement. Data collection was conducted through a structured survey questionnaire, and the results were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed a high level of awareness, satisfaction, and engagement among participants toward sustainable tourism practices. Economic, cultural, and environmental factors were identified as key motivators for community involvement. A significant positive correlation was observed between community awareness and active engagement in sustainability efforts. Based on these results, the study recommends initiatives such as strengthening education and awareness programs, enhancing community engagement strategies, offering training and capacity-building activities, fostering public-private partnerships, and implementing incentive-based support systems. Furthermore, it suggests continuous monitoring, evaluation, and policy updates to sustain community-driven tourism development. This research highlights the critical role of community participation in fostering responsible tourism practices, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting long-term socio-economic benefits for the local area.

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This study explores the relationship between visual aspects and service quality in determining customer satisfaction among Generation Z patrons of Harlan + Holden Coffee, located in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig. Visual aspects included facility aesthetics, lighting, layout, and product presentation, while service quality was assessed through reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance. A total of 255 Gen Z respondents aged 18 to 27, all with firsthand experience at the café, participated in the study. Using a quantitative correlational research design and simple random sampling, data was gathered through an online questionnaire. Responses were evaluated using descriptive statistics, specifically the Mean, and Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient to determine the relationship between the two variables. Findings revealed a high level of satisfaction among Gen Z respondents regarding both visual appeal and service quality. Facility aesthetics and lighting were particularly noted for their excellence, while the café’s staff received favorable evaluations for their courteous and reliable service. The analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between satisfaction with visual aspects and service quality, suggesting that both are crucial in enhancing customer experiences. The study underscores the importance of balancing aesthetics and service in the café industry to meet Gen Z’s expectations. It recommends that future research delve deeper into related areas not covered in this study, such as pricing or digital engagement. Moreover, given the rise of coffee tourism, aesthetic cafés like Harlan + Holden can serve as significant contributors to local tourism and customer satisfaction benchmarks.

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This study aims to assess the extent of NSTP implementation at the University of Caloocan City, focusing on its three components: Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS), Literacy Training Service (LTS), and Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC). The study also evaluates how NSTP fosters Filipino core values, including Pagka-MakaDiyos, Pagka- Makatao, Pagka-MakaKalikasan, and Pagka-Makabansa, while identifying the challenges encountered in its implementation. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing survey questionnaires to gather data from NSTP students. The results indicate that NSTP is generally implemented effectively, with CWTS and LTS being widely embraced due to their strong emphasis on community service and literacy development. However, ROTC faces moderate participation rates, primarily due to physical demands, safety concerns, and negative public perception. CWTS was found to be highly effective in promoting environmental projects, disaster preparedness, and leadership development, but logistical and funding constraints limited its full potential. LTS contributed significantly to student facilitators' teaching abilities, yet its sustainability was challenged by a lack of instructional materials and weak community support. ROTC successfully instilled discipline and patriotism, but concerns regarding training facilities and student interest were noted. Findings revealed that Filipino core values were observed among students to varying degrees. Pagka-MakaDiyos was highly evident, particularly in prayer, faith, and generosity. Pagka-Makatao was strongly reflected in students’ respect for others and fairness, though emotional regulation and conflict management needed improvement. Pagka-MakaKalikasan was evident in waste segregation and conservation efforts, but direct involvement in environmental initiatives was lower. Pagka-Makabansa was moderately observed, with students showing pride in national identity but limited participation in civic and national programs.

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This study explores the resilience of individuals from broken families, a topic of significance given the potential impact of family structure on personal development. The study aimed to determine the resilience characteristics of senior high school students from broken families. Utilizing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), this research employed a purposive sampling method to select ten participants from a pool of one hundred students across two sections. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews to explore life events and experiences. Collected data were then interpreted and grouped into themes. The study revealed that participants identified independency, optimism, and a strong personality as key factors contributing to their resilience. Experiencing a broken family fostered optimism, happiness amidst adversity, and strength to overcome challenges. The participants demonstrated resilience through independence, optimism, and a strong personality developed in response to their family circumstances. It is suggested that fostering closer relationships with family members and open communication may further support these students.

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Game-based learning in education incorporates elements of games into instructional activities, fostering competition and interaction among students through entertainment as a learning tool. This study aimed to develop game-based learning materials for the Grade 7 mathematics classroom using Google Forms to create an interactive and engaging learning experience. The materials were designed to increase student motivation and participation while reinforcing key mathematical concepts through interactive activities. The study employed an experimental research design with a pre-test and post-test approach. A total of 33 Grade 7 students participated and were divided into two groups: an experimental group that used game-based learning and a control group that followed traditional teaching methods. The results showed that the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in their post-test scores compared to their pre-test scores. In contrast, students in the control group showed minimal or no improvement, indicating the positive impact of game-based learning. These findings suggest that using digital tools like Google Forms for game-based activities can result in more consistent and meaningful learning outcomes in mathematics. The game-based approach proved effective in enhancing understanding and engagement, showing its potential to support better academic performance. In conclusion, this research provides evidence that game-based learning can be an effective tool in mathematics instruction. Future studies could explore its long-term effects and effectiveness in more challenging educational environments. Overall, integrating game-based materials in teaching represents a promising strategy for improving student learning experiences and outcomes in mathematics education.

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This study is to understand the experiences and perspectives of those directly involved in this market, this research will offer valuable insights for both academics and practitioners. The primary objective was to gain a deep understanding of the sellers' motivations, challenges, strategies, and interactions within the e-commerce landscape. The researcher used a qualitative method and utilized a multiple case study design. Through purposive sampling strategy a five (5) individuals with at least three (3) to five (5) years experiences of being online sellers has been selected to provide valuable insights of the study. The data obtained from the participants were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results specify online sellers of pre-loved clothes employ different marketing strategies like teasers, re posting of unsold items, promotions, and live customer comments to pull in and keep customers. Success relies on having a strong online presence, flexible pricing, and a good relationship with customers, which establishes trust and loyalty. Issues are seasonal sales fluctuations, "bogus buyers," and communication breakdowns that hinder the sales process. Moreover, opportunities for personal and financial development, networking, and convenience make online selling pre-loved clothes online a profitable business. It is recommended that online sellers of pre-loved clothes should use a multi-channel approach, including social media, and content creation to attract customers, excellent customer service, ensuring reliable shipping, and diversifying inventory to maintain sales, and expanding product offers will help sellers in growing business and to appeal to the consumer.

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As students begin their university journey, they will encounter numerous new experiences that could significantly impact their growth and development. But beyond this positive aspect lies a session of queries of confusion that would make the students question their true purpose, and position in life. Thus, this study explored the experiences of college students regarding existential crisis, its factors, effects, and its coping strategies. To attain the desired objectives, the research utilized a qualitative research design framed within the context of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to provide rich and detailed insights into the individual experiences. The six (6) participants of this study were chosen through a purposive sampling technique. It assisted the research in selecting respondents that are suitable for the descriptions and needs of the study. These respondents came from various university programs and levels, and they were asked to take part in semi-structured interviews, either in person or online. The findings showed that existential crises negatively affected their emotions, leading to feelings of numbness, emptiness, and isolation, which impacted their daily lives and social interactions. Their psychological issues arose from different causes. This includes academic and career pressures, familial and societal expectations, and being haunted by unfulfilled plans. As these things translate to tangible effects, the students seek aid through different coping mechanisms ranging from hobbies and spiritual help to clinical help. These findings imply that existential crisis is not trivial, as it encompasses a larger scope of feelings, emotions, and struggles that could potentially affect students’ emotional well-being and everyday lives.

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